Short Essay Political Theory Essay - 1870 Words

Final Essay: Political Theory The other day, after what was a particularly cumbersome day at school and work, I found myself looking into the Texas sunset whilst stuck in traffic thinking, ‘I wish I could experience life before society. Free to live my life and roam as I please in a state free of impediments and commitments.’ This is not to say that I depicted this uncivilized life as a simulacrum flowing as seamlessly as was portrayed in The Swiss Family Robinson, I merely desired a break from what felt like a straightjacket bound by the orders of society. Furthermore, I pondered if a world without society and structure could possibly be one conducive to a more enjoyable, rewarding life. But the more I scrutinized this idea, I began to consider that this fleeting thought was one with no basis due to the incredible feats mankind has accomplished as a result of our enlightenment. Swiss philosopher, writer, and political theorist Jean Jacque Rousseau argues in The Social Contract that my thought that l ife could be better without society was not only rational, but laden with veracity. Rousseau’s visionary theory made the assertion that humankind was once brimming with natural goodness; and, were life to be played out pursuant to the desires that arose during my car ride home, a society-free world would be the only way to achieve such a virtuous mankind. Rousseau believed above all that â€Å"man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains.† I do concur with Jean JacquesShow MoreRelatedReverend Thomas, Robert Malthus969 Words   |  4 PagesReverend Thomas, Robert Malthus (b. February 13 or 14, 1766; d. December, 1834) Overview Reverend Thomas, Robert Malthus was a political/classical economist born in the late 1760’s. He studied at several different schools in the areas of mathematics, literature, and arts. Malthus was married in the early 1800’s and had three children. Malthus is most famous for his theories on population growth and how he proposed we go about controlling it. He later died in the 1830’s at the age of 68. ChildhoodRead MorePositive vs Normative Accounting Theory Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Guideline (brief simple short essay - example only to assist with planning) TOPIC: Discuss positive accounting theory and contrast it with normative accounting theory. Provide examples where appropriate.       The purpose of this essay is to provide an overview of positive accounting theory (PAT) and highlight how this theory differs to normative accounting theory. Definitions and assumptions of both theories will be considered and examples of the theories will be provided. In additionRead MoreReview Of The Better Angels Of Our Nature By Steven Pinker1262 Words   |  6 PagesINTP 371 - Short Essay Sally Togher | 15 April 2017 | Question 2 —————————- Evaluate and critique the different arguments for the decline in warfare since 1990. In the last decade, discussion of â€Å"the decline of war† has dramatically escalated. This essay evaluates and critiques three major arguments for the decline in warfare since 1990, examining the human nature approach of Steven Pinker, the shorter-term factors proposed by John Mueller and the alternative â€Å"New Wars† theory championed by MaryRead MorePolicy Review And The Lucas Criticisms Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesin the change of the economy. However, in the monetary economy cycle theories, the expected monetary supply changes will not influence the total economy; the unexpected money supply changes will impact the total economic in short term. In the long term, it merely impacts the changes of general price levels, instead of on the changes of total economy. Therefore, in the issues of controlling inflation, monetary economy cycle theory believes that the governments do not need to have to spend too manyRead MoreThe Moral Economy Of The English Crowd1097 Wor ds   |  5 Pagesbetween two classes within a market economy, which fueled the creation of division and unification of the working classes. Thompson states that there are too many that are looking at history through the lens of historical materialism, which falls short in explaining â€Å"the complexities of motive, behavior, and function.† Thompson while discussing the food riots describes the situation as a â€Å"moral economy† and by that, he means that because of the morality of the lack of food due to outlandish pricesRead MoreThe As A Science For Emancipation871 Words   |  4 Pagesin the field of political thinking, specifically in the domain of theoretical critic (Marxism, post-Marxism, cultural studies, feminism, etc.). The adopted approach relies on analytic critical synthesis, which consists at presenting, discussing and debating the many contributions attributed directly to critical synthesis in order to unravel certain theoretical and conceptual nodes. More than 150 years have elapsed since Marx and Engels laid the groundwork for the materialistic theory as a science forRead MoreUnder Wester n Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn her essay, â€Å"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses,† Chandra Talpade Mohanty explores the simplified construction of the â€Å"third-world woman† in hegemonic feminist discourses. In contrast, in her essay â€Å"US Third-World Feminism: The Theory and Method of Oppositional Consciousness in the Postmodern World,† Chela Sandoval specifically analyzes â€Å"US third-world feminism† and how it is the model for not only oppositional political activity, but also consciousness in the UnitedRead MoreOpositions to Thomas Malthus Theory on Population Growth 694 Words   |  3 Pageswho specializes in political economy and demographics. One of his most well-known and influential works ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population argued that the increase in population growth would ultimately create social and economic problems for a nation. On the cont rary, many famous political economists such as Ester Boserup and Julian Simon suggested different views about population and resource growth; which contradicts the Malthus’ theory. Thomas Malthus’ wrote ‘An Essay on the PrincipleRead MoreAt The Heart Of The Field Of Comparative Politics Lie A1607 Words   |  7 Pagesexplaining political phenomena. The aim of this essay is to examine and compare the features of the structural and interest-based approaches, through the use of empirical examples. As regards its structure, the essay will begin by providing a definition of the comparative method. Following on will be a brief discussion on its uses and a cost-benefit analysis of using such an approach. After all, it is the comparative method that will form the basis of the discussion to follow. The essay will subsequentlyRead MoreA Report On Lee Kwan Yew Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesbe, ‘‘the greatest peace-time political leader of the 20th century.’’ Lee has the ability to alter Singapore from a shipping port with no natural resources to one of the richest, safest and most orderly countries in the world. (Johnson, 1999, p .38 as sited in ‘‘Leadership Analysis – Lee Kuan Yew,’’ n.d). He is the person who has got exemplary abilities as a politician and leader. He helped Singapore move from a third world to first world economic, social and political success in a single generation

Politics and the History of Cuba - 773 Words

Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean, 90 miles south of the Florida Coast. It has had a contentious and violent history since it was claimed by Spain in 1492, but now has a 99.8% literacy rate, an infant death rate lower than many developed countries and an average life expectancy of almost 78 years (CIA, 2012). In 1959, Fidel Castro led a successful revolution and deposed Fugelico Batista, who fled to exile in Portugal. This had quite an effect on American foreign and economic policy because up until Castro, America owned all of Cubas oil production, 90% of its mines, and 50% of its cattle, sugar and railroad industries. The capital city, Havana, was a tourist destination for Americans, and the U.S. Mafia shared power with Batista by controlling the islands drug trade, prostitution and gambling industries. This economic disparity continued to enrich many Americans and a few Cuban business owners, but resulted in a huge gap between rich and poor, lack of social services, and a crumbling infrastructure on the Island. The United States was initially enamored with Castro, calling him a freedom fighter. However, once Castro seized all the land and removed American owners, America began to believe that this model would become the rule in other Latin American Countries. The United States withdrew economic aid to the island, causing Castro to sell sugar to the Soviets and to nationalize all American enterprises in Cuba. In 1960, the U.S. formally severed diplomaticShow MoreRelatedLa Historia Me Absolvera also known as History Will Absolve Me1112 Words   |  5 Pagesturmoil for Cuba as well as other countries around the world. In 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union.1 Cuba was in the middle of its own war, the revolution, when they caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics played a major role in the outc ome of the revolution. The result of the revolution left Fidel Castro in charge of Cuba. The PlattRead MoreCuba Essay796 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority Latino city -- 70 percent of its population is Hispanic. And while Cuban-Americans still comprise over half of the citys population -- 54 percent -- the citys Hispanic composition is changing. History The origin of Cuba started, when Christopher Columbus arrived in the island in 1492. In 1511 Cuba was colonized by the Spanish. Before the Spanish, the island was inhabited by Ciboney, Arawak, and the Taino Indians. After the Spaniards colonization, the native population didn’t survived due toRead More Resopnse To Revolution Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pageslook at America’s policy towards Cuba during the Cuban Revolution. It covers the general history of and preconceived notions about the revolution in depth and gives ample attention to both sides of the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba. In addition to this Welch analyzes the reactions of America’s various factions during the early years of the revolution. Upon taking this into a change of the status quo, and of one that only played the international game of politics on its own terms. The generalRead MoreEssay on The Cuban Revolution773 Words   |  4 Pagesof turmoil, not just in Cuba but in almost every corner of the world. It was 1945, shortly after the end of World War Two, and the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cuba, in the middle of its own war, was caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics played a major role in the outcome of the revolution. The result of the revolution left Fidel Castro in charge of Cuba. The Platt AmendmentRead MoreTaking a Quick Look at Cuba623 Words   |  3 PagesCuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba comprises the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several groups of islands. The history of Cuba began with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Native groups, such as the Ciboney,occupied the island but were soon eliminated as a result of disease or other natural causes. As a result, the impact of indigenous groups was limited, and Spanish culture conquered. For a short period afterRead MoreWhat We Need To Understand About Cuba Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesTO UNDERSTAND ABOUT CUBA? What We Need to Understand about Cuba before Conducting Business in our Country? Edward Scot English 114 WHAT DO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT CUBA Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to give an understanding on how we as a country, the United States of America, should have a clear understanding of all business matters of the country of Cuba. Wow understanding this, facts of the country of Cuba will also be presented. For decades, Cuba has been banned fromRead MoreGlobalization: Slower is Better1517 Words   |  7 PagesReal estate groups such as Real Inmobilaria, are taking over high priced land centrally located in Havana, Cuba . The reason these companies are moving in, is due to legislation that was passed allowing foreign investments dealing with property ownership. Beginning in 1995, companies were allowed to construct property, if the land †¦is used for private homes, for tourists, or for employees of foreign companies (Reyes, 2). By the government allowing this to happen they are taking property away fromRead MoreFidel Castro: The Clown of Cuba1612 Words   |  7 Pages Current leader and dictator of Cuba, Fidel Castro, was born on August 13, 1926 in Biran Cuba. As a child, Fidel Castro had a good life because his father was very wealthy. His fathers name was Angel Castro. He was very wealthy because he owned plantations and lands. Additionally, he was originally from Spain but then moved to Cuba. Angel Castro married to Lina Gonzalez. Fidel Castro had one brother named Raul Castro. Fidel And Raul always had a special bond between their brother relationshipRead MoreCultural Communication Differences Between Cuba and India1333 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Communication Differences Between Cuba India Every culture develops in two ways, first by insular forces which shape the every day interactions between people of the same cultural values, and second by the influences put upon them from outside sources. Two countries with very little proximity to each other, and very little shared interaction, have developed their own unique styles that are radically different than the other. Cuba and India are two countries that have been heavily influencedRead MoreShould the U.S. Government Drop Its Sanctions against Cuba?1676 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of force as a primary method of international coercion. Cuba is one of the countries considered as a rogue state by the United States and its allies. The emergence of Cuba as a communist country in the western hemisphere in 1960, and the nationalization of a huge amount of US assets in Cuba by the then new regime led to the sanctions against Cuba. However, starting from the end of the 1980’s the Communist block begin falling apart. Cuba lost its international allies and became helpless both economically

Credit Card Use and Risk in E-marketing Australian Perspective

Question: Define the Credit Card Use and Risk in E-marketing for Australian Perspective. Answer: Introduction E-marketing is a fast growing service. E-marketing involves the activities of banking payment, purchase of goods and payment of bills initiated by marketing organizations. The benefits of e-marketing is that the consumer can carry out the activities from the precincts of his home, office or wherever he wishes. E-marketing has been used by a large population of all ages for the purchase of goods. E-marketing organizations are able to deliver every conceivable goods to the door step just by the click of the mouse. The growth of the e-marketing sector has been possible with the growth in the internet facilities. E-marketing has a negative side to it. The negative side is the security as well as privacy issue of the person using the credit card. In online transactions there is no way to secure that the person using the credit card is the legitimate holder of the credit card. Again even though the person using the credit card may be the legitimate owner of the credit card but when he is using an e-commerce site he enters his credit card information there is an inherent risk of cyber security. There is the risk of a fraud and identity fraud being conducted online. Even though the banking system is taking care to reduce the risks but the consumer should be aware of the risks involved. It is the responsibility of the consumer to take adequate precautions to such risks. The present research would focus on the awareness level of the consumer towards use of e-marketing whilst using the credit card. It would also focus on the defensive measures taken by the consumer to prevent credit card frauds. Literature review E-commerce refers to the use of electronic means for the transfer of funds. The purpose of transfer of funds can be for trading of products and services. The transfer of funds uses the backbone of electronic networks. This started in the 70s with the use of electronic networks for transfer of funds. The first practical use of e-Commerce was the cash less transfer of funds between the banking institutions with the aid of telecommunications network. Presently an advanced use of this is seen in the everyday use of ATMs. This started in 1980s. This use of electronic medium between banks advanced to the use in -standard business documents. All these happened with the growth of the internet. As the internet grew so did the variation in the use of funds for purposes other than banking business. Thus was born e-Marketing, a platform in which trade in products, goods or services to take place (Barnes and Hunt, 2013). The Australian Payment Clearing Association (APCA) is the payment clearings regulatory body of Australia. Since 2006 it regularly publishes data on different frauds conducted when using cheque and cards. The APCA collects the data from different financial associations and publishes them. It is APCAs imitative to inform the consumer of the different process of fraud that are being conducted. Australia had about 15.5 million credit card users in Dec 2013 (APCA 2014) and 16 million in Dec 2014 (APCA 2015). The total fraud conducted via credit card in 2014 was $304 million and in 2015 was $387 million. Different types of frauds that are occur on cards are Counterfeiting, Stolen cards, transactions done with cards that were not received by the actual owner, fraudulent use where data from someother owner was used, use of cards for purchase of online products etc. Gupta (2013) studied the use of mobile technology in the global banking system. According to Gupta the internet technology has greatly influenced how people use information in the purchase of products. Banking institutions are aware of this growth and are investing in the mobile technology sector for development of security features. According to him most banks that the mobile sector will help them reduce the cost of financial transactions. Hay and Webster (2014) studied the extent of crime being, done in Australia. According to them the challenge to prevent credit card is in development of strategies to reduce the risks of such frauds so that the loss to the financial institutions and merchants can be reduced. According to them the level of credit card fraud being undertaken by transnational criminals is growing. Correspondingly there is a widening gap in the perceived widening of the gap to understand how sophisticated credit card crime is taking place. They suggest methods to tighten the access points, limiting the use of cards to the internet, the use of cards having a geographical limitation and to have different PIN for different cards. A study was conducted in Victoria, Australia amongst the consumers, retailers and stakeholders like the government, industry etc. The study found that there is a lack of understanding of the concerns of the three. There was felt the need for proper dissemination of information regarding the ways and means in which fraud is being conducted on credit cards. The government and law enforcement should be more proactive with the information to what they are doing to prevent such crimes. There was felt the need for monitoring of the e-retailers activities. The surveyors felt that consumer associations should provide a platform for grievance redressal, educate and monitor retailers, consumers and stakeholders (Ha and McGregor 2013). A study conducted amongst undergraduate students of Melbourne, Australia in 2007 to access the risk of credit card use and the risks it possess in the E-market. The study wanted to explore the awareness level and thus the experience level of the students towards credit card use and fraud. It also examined as to how the students dealt with such online frauds and thus make policy recommendations based on the survey. The study found that 46% of the students use the internet to purchase goods and about 35% of use credit cards for payment purposes. Most of them had a weekly average purchase of $100. The study also found that a high of 85% of the students were of the risks involved in the use of credit cards. Different types of credit card frauds were surveyed. The highest the student faced was fraud caused due to spam (Barnes and Hunt, 2013). A study found that for the adoption of the e-Commerce business there should be organizational e-Readiness, the strength of the brand of the product, advantage of using the e-Commerce institution, the purchasing power of the consumer. Some of the negative factors of not using e-Commerce if the lack of product trial facilities, reluctance to use credit card, absence of good quality websites and lack of trust due to security and privacy concerns (Alghamdi, Nguyen and Jones 2013). A comparative study between Pakistan and Australia found that to influence consumers the websites should be specific to the demands of the country. The websites should respect the cultural and socio-economic demography of the consumer (Sohaib and Kang 2014). Thus e-Commerce websites should be dynamic with the requirement of the region and the user. A study conducted in 2013 in Australia found that Cash remained one of preferred modes of payment. Though the use of Cash has reduced drastically. Older people generally prefer cash as method of payment. The share value of use of card for purchase in the last three years (including 2013) has increased as compared to that of cash. In fact in 2013 more consumers preferred card (debit and or cash) in relation to cash (Meredith, Kenney and Hatzvi 2014). A study conducted in Australia showed that there is a relationship between credit card frauds and online marketing. The study was able to show that with increase in the level of awareness of the credit card user there is a decrease in the his getting caught in the fraud (Sofo and Sofo 2016). Research aim The aim of the research is to evaluate the risks involved in e-Marketing using Credit Card Research question The research question for this assignment is as follows: How frequently do you use credit card for purchasing of online goods Are you aware of the risks involved in the use of credit cards for e-commerce What precautions do you take for prevention of risks from the use of credit card risks Research objective The objective of the research is as follows: To understand the awareness of the e-commerce consumers towards its potential risks To examine how consumers deal with the e-commerce incidents To gain an insight into how the consumer can be protected from e-commerce fraud through the use of credit card. Research methodology To be able to achieve the primary objective of the research both a qualitative and a quantitative data will be used. The qualitative research is done since the sample size will be small. The basic idea of qualitative research is that it depends on the skills and intelligence of the interviewer. The quantitative research will be used to quantify the variables (Zikmund 2013). Data Collection and Analysis Primary data will be collected in the form of a survey questionnaire (refer Appendix for survey questionnaire). The use of primary data is found suitable since a population can be analyzed through the collection of data. The focus of the survey would be to visualize how frequently consumers use e-Commerce to purchase goods online. The survey would also indicate the type of goods that consumers generally prefer to purchase online. This would help us in gaining an understanding into what are the preferred methods of payments for goods that he purchases online. Thus we will be able to understand whether the consumer / buyer is aware of the risks involved in doing e-commerce specially by the use of credit cards. The above would be used to perceive the different precautions being taken by the consumers to avert such risks. For the analysis, exploratory data analysis tools will be used. This will be used to quantify the data. The data will be analyzed for demographic and socioeconomic differences. Non-parametric and non-parametric studies will be used to ascertain the correlation between the data. Expected research outcome The present study on the use of credit cards by the consumer in e-marketing will demonstrate the awareness of the consumers towards the use of credit card. It will also demonstrate his awareness towards the risks that are involved in the use of credit cards. Thus it will give and insight into the safeguards taken by the consumer towards the perceived risks. Conclusion The benefits of e-marketing is that the consumer can order any goods from the precincts of his home, office or wherever and whenever he gets the urge to purchase goods. E-marketing organizations are able to deliver every conceivable goods to the door step just by the click of the mouse. The growth of the e-marketing sector has been possible with the growth in the internet facilities. But this growth in the e-marketing / e-commerce is not without its drawbacks. With the increase in e-commerce trade unscrupulous elements have devised methods to hack into the information of the consumers credit cards. Once they get hold of the information they use this information for their benefits thus depriving the legitimate owner of the credit cards of its benefits. The stakeholders in the e-commerce industry are aware of such frauds and are doing their best to protect the interest of the consumer. But the consumer also needs to be aware of the risks and thus should take precautionary measures. It is only when the consumer becomes aware of the risks of e-marketing with credit cards that he will be able to secure himself and hence prevent frauds. References Barnes, S., Hunt, B., 2013. E-Commerce and V-Business. Taylor Francis.pp.214-232 Ha, H. and McGregor, S.L., 2013. Role of Consumer Associations in the Governance of E-commerce Consumer Protection. Journal of Internet Commerce, 12(1), pp.1-25. Australian Payments Fraud Details and Data - Australian Payments Clearing Association 2014 Australian Payments Fraud Details and Data - Australian Payments Clearing Association 2015 Barnes, S., Hunt, B., 2013. E-Commerce and V-Business. Taylor Francis. Hay, B. and Webster, J., 2014. Responding to organised payment card compromise and subsequent fraud. Journal of Payments Strategy Systems, 8(1), pp.30-42. Gupta, S., 2013. The mobile banking and payment revolution. European Financial Review, 2, pp.3-6. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C., Griffin, M., 2013. Business Research Methods. Cengage Learning. Alghamdi R., Nguyen A., and Jones V., 2013. A Study of Influential Factors in the Adoption and Diffusion of B2C E-Commerce, Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 8994, Sohaib, O. and Kang, K., 2014. Cultural Aspects of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and Australia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 61. Meredith, J., Kenney, R. and Hatzvi, E., 2014. Cash Use in Australia. RBA Bulletin, June, pp.43-54. Sofo, F. and Sofo, M., 2016. The Role of Education in Breaking the Nexus between e-Marketing and Online Fraud. International Journal of Online Marketing (IJOM), 6(3), pp.1-14.